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All the terms are presented in Mandarin using the pinyin system of romanization. This system was declared as the official system for the romanization of Chinese by the United Nations in 1995. Old spellings, usually from unsystematic Cantonese phonetic transliterations, are in parenthesis. When there are no parenthesized words, the pinyin and old terms are equivalent. Note that the Chinese language has different tones that are not reflected in the spelling of the words. Some words may have the same spelling here, but different tones when spoken with different definitions. A mi tou fo (O Lay Toe Fut): Buddhist greeting, a phonetic of Amitabha. An (On): Press, push down An tou (On Tao): Head spring Ao bu (Ow Bo): Twist stance Ba gua (Bat Gwah): Eight Trigrims Bai gong bu (Ban Gung Bo): Bow stance with heel raised Bang shou (Bong Sao): Wing arm block Ba xian (Baht Seen): Eight Immortals. Also Zuibaxian (Joei Baht Seen) Drunk Eight Immortals. Characters from Chinese mythology. Bian tui (Lun Wan Toy): Roundhouse kick Bing qi (Bing Hey): Weapon. Bi sai (Bey Choy): Competition, contest Bo (Po): Parry, brush aside Bo shou (Fak sao): Sweeping arm to strike open hand Bu Hao (Um Ho): Not Good Cai (Chai): Pluck, pull Cai jiao (Chai Geuk): Front toe kick with slap Ce chua tui (Juk Dun Toy): Side thrust kick Ce ti tui (Juk Yee Toy): Side kick Ce shou fan (Juk Sun Fan): Cartwheel Chan (Sim): Zen Chan qiao (Chan Kiu): Spade bridge Chen qiao (Chum Kiu): Sinking bridge Chen shou (Chum Sao): Wrist pushing down low block Chuai (Chai): Stamp foot, kick with heel Chuai tui (Chai Toy): Sidekick or stomp kick Chuan (Chuen): Thrust Da: Strike Da (Dai): Big Da qiao (Dahp Kiu): Joining bridge Dan tian (Dan Tim): The region just below the navel, center of qi power where deep breathing is directed. Lit. ““red field”” Dan (Darn): Single Dao (Do): Also Tao. The way. Dao jiao (Do Gow): Taoism Diao shou (Ngow Sao): Hooking hand Ding bu (Ding Bo): Also Ding Bo Mah. T-stance, empty stance or cat stance. Duan (Tun): Short, close Duan (Dun): Rank, grade Er zi qian yang ma (Yee Gee Kim Yeung Mah): Triangle stance. Lit. ““two-shaped character, squeeze the goat or withdraw the testicles, horse”” E mei Shan (O Mei San): A Buddhist holy mountain of China in Sichuan Province. Lit. ““high, eyebrow peaceful mountain”” Fa (Faht): Skill, method Fa jin (Fa Ging): explosive energy, exert strength Fo jiao (Fut Gow): Buddism Fu shou (Fook Sao): Controlling hand Fu tou tui (Fu Tao Toy): Axe kick Gong bu (Gung Bo): Also Gung Chin Mah. Bow stance Gong fu (Kung Fu): Also Kungfu, Gung Fu. Time, workmanship, skill, art, effort. Colloqially means martial arts, often used by people from Hong Kong and Canton Gui chui (Kwar Choy): Hanging punch Gui ma (Kwai Mah): Kneeling horse stance Guo shu (Gok Sut): Also Kuoshu. Another word for martial arts, often used by Taiwanese. Lit. ““national art”” Hao (Ho): Good Heng Shan (Heng San): The northern holy mountain of China in Hunan Province. Lit. ““judge, measure mountain”” Heng Shan (Heng San): The southern holy mountain of China in Shanxi Province. Lit. ““permanent, lasting mountain”” He shang (Wo Seung): Monk Hua Shan (Wah San): The western holy mountain of China in Shaanxi Province. Lit. ““magnificent, China mountain”” Ji (Lin): Press, squeeze Jia (Gar): Family, household or clan Jian (Jin): Scissors Jian chui (Jin Choy): Arrow punch Jiao ma (Gwok Mah): Angled horse stance Ji ben gong (Gei Bun Gung): Basic training Jin Na Shou (Lop Sao): Grabbing hand Jing: Essence of life Jing shen (Jing Sun): Vital spirit Jin hua Shan (Gow Wah San): A Buddhist holy mountain of China in Anhui Province. Lit. ““nine magnificent mountain”” Kai shi (Hoy Chi): Begin Kan (Jahm): Chop Kao (Kow): Lean into Kong fan (Hong Fahn): Aerial Kuai (Fai): Fast, quick Kun lun Shan (Qun Lun San): A mountain range in Qinghai and Xinjaing Uygur Zizhiqu renown for martial arts Lan shou (Lan Sao): Barring hand Lao Shan (Low San): A mountain in Shandong famous for martial arts. Lao shi (Low See): Teacher Lei (Loey): Rest Lei tai (Loey Toy): An elevated stage for free sparring matches Lian (Lun): Connected, continuous, linked Lian (Lin): Practice Lian wu zhe (Lin Mo Jeh): Martial arts practitioner Lian huan quan (Lin wan kuen): Chain punches Lie shou (Lop Sao): Grasping hand Li he tui (Noy Hap Toy): Inside crescent kick Lie (Leet): Split, crack, rip open Liu he (Lok Hop): Six harmonies –– hand, elbow, shoulder, foot, knee, hip Lu (Yeung): Yield Luo han (Law Horn): Also Lohan. An Arhat, a Buddhist who has achieved nirvana, striving for their own salvation, in contrast to a bodhisattva who seeks to free all sentient beings Lu shou (Luk Sao): Rolling hand Ma bu (Mah Bo): Also Jong Mah. Horse stance Man: Slow Mei hua (Moi Fah): Plum Flower Mei hua Zhuang (Moi Fah Chen): Plum flower poles. A pattern of poles set in the ground on top of which martial artists practice special forms Men (Moon): Gate or door. Refers to openings in defense or a specific school or lineage Mu zhuang (Mok Jong): Also Mok Yan Jong. Wooden dummy Ni Hao (Lei Ho): A greeting, literally ““you good”” Nian shou (Chi Sao): Sticky hands Nei jia (Noy Gar): Internal school Pao (Pow): Cannon Pai: School or system Pai shou (Pak Sao): Slapping hand Peng (Pang): Ward off Pu tuo Shan (Po To San): A Buddhist holy mountain of China in Zhejiang Province. Lit. ““universal top mountain”” Pi (Pek): Split, cleave, cut Pian chui (Pien Choy): Side punch Pian ma (Pien Mah): Side horse stance Pi tui (Pek Toy): Also Yut Chi Mah. Split Pu bu (Pook Bo): Also Pook Toy. Crouch stance
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Qi (Chi): Vital energy, the energy of life. Lit. ““gas”” Qian deng tui (Chun Dang Toy): Front heel kick Qian kun (Kin Kwan): Heaven and earth. Qian and kun are opposite trigrams of the bagua. Qian is three solid lines and kun is three broken lines. Qiao shou (Kiu Sao): Bridge hand Qi gong (Chi Kung): Also Hei Gung. Exercises to cultivate qi, usually systems of deep breathing techniques Qi xing (Chut Sing): Seven star Qin na (Kum Na): Also Chin Na. Seizing, joint lock and pressure point techniques Quan (Kune): Also Chuan. Literally fist, but can mean martial style or a form. Ri yue (Yu Yuet): Sun and moon. Ru shi Di zi (Yup Sut Dai Gee): Disciple Ruan (Yuen): Soft San Da (San Da): Free sparring. Lit. ““loose hit”” San Shou (San Sao): Free sparring. Lit. ““loose hand”” San xing (Sam Sing): Three star Sao tui (Sou Toy): Leg sweep Si ping ma (Sei Ping Mah): Four-corner horse stance Shan (San): Mountain Shang (Seung): Up, above Shao lin (Sil Lum): The Buddhist Temple attributed for the founding of Zen (Chan) and Kungfu in Henan Province, China. Literally, ““young forest”” Shuang (Cern): Double Shi bo (Sibak): Elder uncle Shi bo gong (Sibakgung): Elder Granduncle Shi di (Sidai): Junior brother Shi fu (Sifu): Master Shi jie (Sijie): Elder sister Shi mei (Simui): Junior sister Shi mu (Simo): Master’’s wife Shi shu (Sisuk): Junior uncle Shi shu gong (Sisukgung): Junior Granduncle Shi xiong (Shihing): Elder brother Shi zu (Sijo): Founder of a system Shi zu (Sigung): Grandmaster Shuai (Sut): Throw Song Shan (Sung San): The central holy mountain of China in Henan Province, where Shaolin Temple is located. Lit. ““lofty mountain”” Sou shi (Sao Sik): Ending form Tai Shan (Tai San): The eastern holy mountain of China in Shandong Province. Lit. ““safe, peaceful mountain”” Tai Shi zu (Tai Sigung): Great Grandmaster Ta mo (Dat Mo): The legendary founder of Zen (Chan) and kungfu. Tamo is short for Putitamo, a phonetic translation of Bodhidharma. Tan shou (Tan sao): Palm up block Tan tui (Tom Toy): Snap kick Tao lu (Tow Low): Form, routine, pattern Ti (Tet): Kick Tiao (Tiew): Jump, leap Tie (Tit): Iron. Used to preface hard qigong practices like iron hand or iron shirt. Tie da jiu (Dit Da Jow) Also Tit Da Jow. Liniments made of healing herbs and rice wine used for the treatment of bruises, strains and sprains. Lit. ““fall, hit wine”” Tie da zhang (Dit Da Jang) A bonesetter. Many masters specialized in this unique school of healing which combines herbs, acupressure, massage and qigong therapy. Tie shou (Tip Sao): Sticky hands Tong zi (Tong Ji): Boy. Used to preface youth exercises, like tongzigong (child work) Tui bu (Tui Bo): Step back Tui Shou (Toy Sau): Push hands. A sparring exercise in internal styles like Taijiquan. Wai bai tui (Loy Hap Toy): Outside crescent kick Wai jia (Loy Gar): External school Wu dang (Mo Dang): a.k.a Wu Tang. A mountain and temple in Hubei, famous for internal kungfu. Wu de (Mo Duk): Warrior’’s code or ethics Wu shu (Mo I): Martial art Wu tai Shan (Um Toy San): A Buddhist holy mountain of China in Shanxi Province. Lit. ““five platform peaceful mountain”” Wu guan (Mo Kwoon): A kungfu school, lit. ““martial hall”” Wu xing (Um Ying): Five forms, as in animals or elements. Xia (Ha): Down, below Xiao (Siu): Small Xie bu (Kow Mah): Cross stance or twist stance Xie xie (Dou Jie): Thank you Xuan feng tui (Sun Fung Toy): Tornado kick or flying inside crescent kick Xu bu (Hoy Bo): Empty stance Yang (Yeung): Positive aspect Yin (Yuen): Negative aspect Zhang (Jeurng): Palm Zheng tui (Chin Toy): Front kick Zheng ti tui (Chin Son Toy): Front stretch kick Zheng tan tui (Chin Tom Toy): Front snap kick Zhi Shan (Jik Seen): Centerline Zhong guo (Jong Gok): China. Lit. center kingdom Zuo (Jow): Go, do, act. Given as a command when beginning an exercise or bout. Zuo (Cho): Sit Zuo pan (Cho Pun): Crossed leg seated stance
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Numbers Yi (Yut): 1 Er (Yee): 2 San (Sam): 3 Si (Sei): 4 Wu (Um): 5 Liu (Luk): 6 Qi (Chut): 7 Ba (Baat): 8 Jiu (Gow): 9 Shi (Sup): 10 Yi Bai (Yut Baht): 100 Yi Qian (Yut Chin): 1000 Colors Note: when used alone, the suffix ““se”” is added, i.e. baise ““white.”” When used as an adjective, the se is not used, i.e. bai he ““white crane.”” Bai (Baht): White He (Fei): Brown Hei (Hut): Black Hong (Hong): Red Huang (Wong): Yellow Hui (Fuey): Grey Jin (Gum): Gold Lu (Lok): Green Lan (Lam): Blue Shen (Sam): Dark Qian (Chi): Light Yin (Ahn): Silver Zi (Ji): Purple Directions Bei (Bak): North Dong (Tung): East Hou (How): Back Nan (Lam): South Qian (Chin): Front Xi (Hsi): West You (Yao): Right Zhong (Jong): Center Zuo (Jou): Left Animals Bao (Pao): Panther Dayan (Dai Ahn): Wild goose Feng (Fung): Phoenix Gou (Gou): Dog Ha ma (Ching Wah): Toad He (Hoc): Crane Hou (Hou): Monkey Hu die (Wu Dip): Butterfly Ji (Gai): Rooster, chicken Lang (Lahng): Wolf Li yu (Lay Yu): Carp Long (Lung): Dragon Lu (Lop): Deer Hu (Fu): Tiger Ma (Mah): Horse Mao (Mao): Cat Pang xie (Hi): Crab Qi lin (Kay Lin): A mythical Chinese beast, part dragon, part lion Que (Yin): Sparrow She (Se): Snake Tang lang (Konglong): Mantis Xiang (Jeurng): Elephant Xiong (Hong): Bear Xie zi (She Zee): Scorpion Yan (Yin Gee): Swallow Ying (Ying): Eagle Yuan (Hsing Hsing): Ape |
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Dynasties Xia (Hsia): 2100-1600 BCE Shang (Shang): 1600-1100 BCE Western Zhou (Chou): 1100-771 BCE Spring and Autumn Period: 770-476 BCE Warring States Period: 770-476 BCE Qin (Chin): 221-206 BCE Western Han (Han): 206 BCE- 9 A.D. Xin (Hsin): 9 - 24 Eastern Han (Han): 25-220 Three Kingdoms: 220-265
Western Jin (Tsin): 265-316 Eastern Jin (Tsin): 317-420 Southern and Northern Dynasties (386 - 589)
Sui (Sui): 581-618 Tang (Tang): 618-907 Five Dynasties: 907-960 Liao (Liao): 916-1125 Song (Sung): 960-1279
Western Xia (Hsia): 1038-1227 Jin (Kin): 1115-1234 Yuan (Yuan): 1271-1368 Ming (Ming): 1368-1644
Qing (Ching): 1644-1911
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